PCOS Epidemic: Understanding the Rising Cases in Young Women

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) has emerged as a major health concern among young women, particularly in urban and semi-urban areas. Characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, and metabolic issues, PCOS affects approximately 10-20% of women of reproductive age globally. In India, the prevalence is particularly alarming, with studies suggesting that one in five women may be affected. The increasing incidence of PCOS can largely be attributed to changing lifestyle and dietary habits, making it a significant public health challenge.

What is PCOS?

PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder marked by:

• Irregular periods or absence of menstruation.

• Excess androgen levels, leading to symptoms like acne, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), and hair thinning.

• Polycystic ovaries, where multiple small cysts are visible on the ovaries during an ultrasound.

• Metabolic issues, including insulin resistance and weight gain.

  

  The Role of Lifestyle and Dietary Changes

  1. Sedentary Lifestyles

  Modern lifestyles, dominated by desk jobs, reduced physical activity, and excessive screen time, have contributed significantly to the PCOS epidemic. A sedentary lifestyle exacerbates insulin resistance, a key factor in PCOS development.

  2. Poor Dietary Choices

  Traditional Indian diets rich in whole grains, legumes, and fresh produce are increasingly being replaced by processed foods, sugary snacks, and high-calorie fast foods. These dietary habits contribute to weight gain, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances.

  3. Stress and Sleep Disorders

  High levels of stress, common among young women balancing academic, professional, and personal responsibilities, can disrupt hormonal balance. Additionally, irregular sleep patterns and insufficient sleep worsen insulin resistance and exacerbate PCOS symptoms.

Health Implications of PCOS

PCOS is not just a reproductive disorder but also a precursor to various long-term health issues, including:

• Infertility

• Type 2 diabetes

• Cardiovascular diseases

• Depression and anxiety

Approaches to PCOS Management